Punjab Board Class 12th Computer Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF here

Office Automation and Typing

● Word Processor: Introduction to MS Word ● Document Writing and Editing in MS Word: Adding new text, Deleting a part of the text, Copying a text, Moving text, Formatting text, Alignment, Line Spacing, Bullets and Numbering ● Working with Fonts: Change the Font, Change the Default Font Settings ● Proofing: Auto Correct, Spelling & Grammar; Find and Replace ● Page Setup: Margins, Orientation, Paper Size; Page Borders; Print Preview & Print ● MS Excel – Spreadsheet Software; Formula Bar; Working with FormulasMathematical Operators for Formulas, Basic steps for creating a formula, Manual Formula Working with Functions: Steps for using a function, AutoSum, Commonly Used Functions – SUM, COUNT, MAX, MIN, AVERAGE, NOW, TODAY, CONCATENATE, UPPER, PROPER; Relational Operators for Conditional/Logical Functions, Conditional Functions-IF, SUMIF, COUNTIF ● Border and Shading, Custom Filter, Custom Sort, Freeze Panes ● Page Setup and Printing Options: Margins, Orientation, Size, Print Area, Breaks, Background, Print Titles ● File Conversion: How to convert an Excel file to a PDF ● Typing Technique: Touch Typing, Voice Typing ● Font Conversion Tool

Control Statements in C

● Introduction, Control Statements and their types-Branching, Looping and Jumping ● Branching Control Statements: Conditional Control Structures or Decision-Making Statement (Simple if statement, if else statement, else if statement, Nested-if statement), Multi Way Conditional (Case) Control Structures (switch-case statement) ● Looping Control Statements: Pre-test Loops (for loop, while loop); PostTest Loop (do while loop) ● Jumping Control Statements: goto statement, break statement, continue statement

Computer Network

● Introduction to Network, Need of Networking ● The OSI Layers: Physical Layer, Data-Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer ● Network Devices: Hub (Active Hub, Passive Hub, Intelligence hub), Switch, Routers- Functions of a Router, Repeater, Bridge- Types of Bridges, Gateway, Brouter ● Communication Media: Guided Media- Twisted Pair Cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), Advantages and Disadvantages of twisted pair cable), Coaxial Cable (Advantages and Disadvantages of Coaxial cable), Optical Fibre (Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fibre); Unguided Media- Infrared (Applications of Infrared Waves in Communications), NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Radio Waves (Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Radio-waves), Micro waves (Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages of Microwave), Satellites (Advantages and Disadvantages of Satellite Microwave) Communication Modes: Categories of transmission Modes- Simplex Mode (Advantage and Disadvantages of Simplex mode), Half-Duplex Mode (Advantage and Disadvantages of Half-Duplex mode), Full Duplex Mode (Advantage and Disadvantages of Full-Duplex mode) ● Network Sharing: Printer Sharing ● Protocol: TCP/IP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, POP/IMAP, HTTP ● Network Component Addresses: MAC Address, IP Address

Current Trends in Information Technology

● Introduction to Information Technology, Definition of Information Technology ● Applications of Information Technology: Business, Classroom Education, Online Education, Finance, Health, Media, Transport, Telecommunication, Entertainment, Defence ● Current Trends in Information Technology: Mobile Internet, Wi-Fi Technology, Bluetooth technology, E-Commerce, M-Commerce Technology, GPS Technology, Android Technology, Virtual Reality, Nanotechnology, 5G Technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) Technology, Multimedia Technology, Cloud Computing: Cloud Printing, Cloud Storage (Advantages and Disadvantages)

Artificial Intelligence and Expert System

● Introduction to AI, What is Artificial Intelligence? ● Types of AI: Type-1 (Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NAI), General Artificial Intelligence (GAI), Strong Artificial Intelligence (SAI)), Type-1I (Reactive Machines, Limited Memory Machine, Theory of Mind, Self-Awareness) ● Importance of AI: Game Playing, Voice Recognition, Understanding the Natural Language, Computer Vision& analysis ● Applications of AI: Intrusion Detection System, Gaming, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Expert Systems, Vision Systems, Speech Recognition, Handwriting Recognition, Intelligent Robots ● Purpose or Goal of AI, Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence ● Expert Systems: Components of Expert System (User Interface, Inference Engine, Knowledge Base), Characteristics of Expert Systems, Limitations of Expert systems, Comparison between Human and Expert Systems ● Robotics: Generations of Robots, Applications of Robotics, Introduction of Languages used to develop AI (Python, R, Lisp, Prolog, Java)

Digitalization

● Introduction to Digitalization ● E-Commerce: Types of E-Commerce-Business to Business (B2B), Business to Customer (B2C), Customer to Customer (C2C), Customer to Business (C2B); Advantages of E-Commerce, Disadvantages of E-Commerce ● Digital or Online Payment: Online Payment Methods-Credit Card, Debit Card, E-Wallets, NetBanking / Banking Apps, Mobile Banking, BHIM App (Bharat Interface for Money); Benefits of Online Payment ● E-Learning: MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds), SWAYAM PRABHA ● National Academy Depository (NAD) ● Digital Locker: How to use DigiLocker

E-Governance (Part-2)

● Introduction, Concept of E-Governance ● Working System of E-Governance: G2G (Government to Government), G2C (Government to Citizen), G2B (Government to Business), G2E (Government to Employee), G2N (Government to NGOs) ● Levels of E-Governance: National Level, Domestic Level/State Level, International Level; Benefits & Drawbacks of E-Governance; ● What is Smart Governance?; Sarba Sewa/Sewa Kendra/Sanjh Kendra ● Awareness of Aadhar: What is an Aadhar, Features of Aadhar, Uses of Aadhar ● Information System: Components of Information System, Types of Information System-Transaction Processing System (TPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Information System (EIS), Management Information System (MIS), Expert System

Image Editing and File Conversion Tools

● Introduction ● Popular Image Editing Tools/Software: GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), GIMP Features, GIMP supported image formats, GIMP Preferences ● Working with Image Editor-GIMP: Creating a new image, Opening an image for editing, Saving an image, Export As, Image Properties, Auto Correct, Brightness and Contrast, Crop Settings, Rotate and Flip Settings, Flip, Resize, Aspect Ratio, Compression Settings ● Working with Image Layers: Layer Properties, Adding Layer, Deleting Layer, Merge Layers, Scaling a Layer ● Image Editing Tools: Selection Tools, Eraser Tool, Text Tool, Move Tool, Align Tool, Scale Tool, Blur / Sharpen Tool, Bucket Fill Tool ● Masking: Adding Layer Mask ● Image File Conversions

● Introduction, Audio Converter-Codec, CD ripping, Encoder Settings (Lossy Audio, Lossless Audio, Uncompressed Audio) ● Free Audio Converter – Fre:ac: Features of Fre:ac, Add Files to Software, Removing Files ● Video Editing: Popular Video Editing Software ● Working with Video Editors: Project, Import Files (Audio/Video/Images), Video Transitions, Video Effects, Titles, Storyboard and Timeline, Video Preview (Monitor), Tracks, Export Video, Saving & Opening Projects, Video File Formats, Video Cutting, Video Joining (Merge) ● Free Video Cutter Joiner: Cutting / Splitting Video Files Using Free Video Cutter Joiner, Join/Merge Video Files Using Free Video Cutter Joiner