The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) has issued a new and updated syllabus for all classes, from 1st to 12th standard on the official website – pseb.ac.in. This document provides the PSEB Class 12th Syllabus 2025, specifically for students who began the 2025-26 academic year and will take their board exams in 2026.
Students can access subject-wise links to the detailed syllabus, including PDF download options. In addition to the syllabus, information on the course structure, detailed course content, marking scheme, and exam pattern is also available. While the board offers other study materials for board exam preparation, the syllabus remains the fundamental and most crucial resource provided.
DownloadPunjab Board PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025-26 here
Punjab Board PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025
Check the Punjab Board Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025 in the table below. The detailed and complete PSEB 12th Biology syllabus has been provided to all the students of the current academic session 2025.
Unit-I Reproduction |
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation |
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). |
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Unit-II Genetics and Evolution |
Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders i |
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting |
Chapter 6: Evolution Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
Unit-III Biology and Human Welfare |
Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse |
Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use |
Unit-IV Biotechnology and its Applications |
Chapter 9: Biotechnology Principles and Processes Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology) |
Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents |
Unit-V Ecology and Environment |
Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations) |
Chapter 12: Ecosystem Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles) |
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its Conservation Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites |
PSEB Class 12th Biology Syllabus 2025-26: How to Download
To download the Punjab Board Class 12th Syllabus 2025 for all subjects, follow these steps:
Step 1: Visit the official website of Punjab.
Step 2: From the menu bar, select 'Academic Wing'.
Step 3: A dropdown box will appear; click on 'Syllabus'.
Step 4: Choose 'Grade 12' from the options.
Step 5: A dropdown list of subjects will be displayed.
Step 6: Click on the desired subject name.
Step 7: The PDF will automatically download to your system.
