The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has officially released the Class 12 Geography syllabus for the academic session 2025-26. The syllabus is divided into theory, practicals, and map work, covering comprehensive topics from both Indian and World geography. Students must follow the prescribed NCERT textbooks and prepare thoroughly to score well in their board exams. This article provides detailed insights into the units, weightage, and topics covered in CBSE 12th Geography Syllabus 2025-26.
CBSE 12th Geography Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download
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CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26: Course Structure
Total Duration: 3 Hours
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 70, Practical: 30)
| Component | Marks |
| Theory | 70 |
| Practical | 30 |
CBSE 12th Geography Syllabus 2026: Marking Scheme
| Book: Fundamentals of Human Geography (Theory - 35 Marks) | ||
| Unit | Chapter | Weightage |
| I | Human Geography: Nature and Scope | 3 |
| II | The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth | 8 |
| Human Development | 5 | |
| III | Primary Activities | 5 |
| Secondary Activities | 5 | |
| Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | 5 | |
| Transport, Communication and Trade | 3 | |
| International Trade | 1 | |
| Map Work (World Map) | 5 | |
| Total | 35 | |
| Book: India - People and Economy (Theory - 35 Marks) | ||
| I | Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition | 5 |
| II | Human Settlements | 3 |
| III | Land Resources and Agriculture | 10 |
| Water Resources | 5 | |
| Mineral and Energy Resources | 5 | |
| Planning and Sustainable Development | 3 | |
| IV | Transport and Communication | 4 |
| V | Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | 5 |
| Map Work (India Map) | 5 | |
| Total | 35 | |
| Book: Geography Practical - Part II (30 Marks) | ||
| 1 | Data: Its Source and Compilation | 18 |
| 2 | Data Processing | - |
| 3 | Graphical Representation of Data | - |
| 4 | Spatial Information Technology | 7 |
| - | Practical Record Book and Viva Voce | 5 |
| - | Total | 30 |
Guidelines for CBSE 12th Geography Practical Examination
- A practical file must be prepared by students.
- The file must be handwritten and include all prescribed diagrams and maps.
- Students will be assessed on:
- Written Exam: 25 Marks
- Practical File: 2 Marks
- Viva: 3 Marks
CBSE 12th Geography Map Work
- World Map (Fundamentals of Human Geography)
- Areas of subsistence gathering
- Nomadic herding regions
- Commercial livestock rearing zones
- Commercial grain farming areas
- Mixed farming areas
- Transcontinental railways (Trans-Siberian, Canadian, Australian)
- Major sea ports and airports across continents
- Major inland waterways (Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine, St. Lawrence)
- India Map (India: People and Economy)
- State with highest and lowest population density (2011)
- Leading states in production of rice, wheat, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and coffee
- Major mineral locations and oil refineries
- Major seaports and international airports in India
CBSE Class 12 Geography Books Prescribed
- Fundamentals of Human Geography
- India: People and Economy
- Practical Work in Geography - Part II
CBSE 12th Geography Question Paper Design 2026
| S. No. | Domains | Weightage (%) |
| 1 | Remembering and Understanding | 41% |
| 2 | Application | 37% |
| 3 | Analyzing, Evaluating, Creating | 22% |
| Total | 100% |
