Telangana Board Class 12th Geography Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Part A

Unit 1: Human Geography

Meaning, Nature, scope and relevance of Human Geography; Man - Environment relationships; Branches of Human Geography - their general characteristics ;

Unit 2: World Population

Distribution, density of population, Growth of population in the world.

Composition of population: Age and Sex.

Factors affecting/influencing distribution of population,

Migration: Internal and international; Causes and consequences

Human Development: concepts, Indicators and world patterns

Unit 3: Economic Geography

Economic Geography: Definition, Scope and Significance ;

Sectors of Economic activity: Concepts, changing trends.

Primary Activities: Concepts, changing trends.

Food gathering, pastoral, mining and subsistence agriculture.

Modern agriculture, people engaged in agricultural and allied activities.

Fisheries - factors and important fishing grounds ;

agriculture regions of the world.

Secondary Activities: Concepts. Manufacturing industries: Locational factors, types - distribution

and production - Agro based: Textile (cotton), forest-based (paper), Mineral based (Iron and

steel) : Petro-chemical.

Small scale manufacturing industries: locational factors, distribution and production.

People engaged in secondary activities examples

Tertiary Economic activities: Concepts, Trade, Transport and tourism; services, people

engaged in the tertiary activities with some examples

Quarternary Economic activities: Concepts, people engaged in the quaternary with some

examples.

Unit 4: World Transport and Trade

Relative significance of different means of transport - Land transport, Railways - transcontinental railways, Airways and Waterways.

Factors affecting land, water and air transport ;

World oceanic routes; important inland waterways and important canals ;

International trade - Impact of globalisation and economic development.

Role of WTO in International trade (World Trade Organization)

Unit 5: Environment and Resources

Resources: Definition, Classification - Resource depletion

Environment: Meaning, definition and components ;

Environmental conservation and management; sustainable development.

Unit 6: Human Settlements

Settlement types - rural and urban; urbanisation trends and consequences

Part B (Geography of India)

Unit 7: Physiography

Locational characteristics ; Physical setting ; Physiographic divisions; Geology, Drainage

system: The Himalayan and Peninsular System

Unit 8: Climate

Origin of monsoon, climatic regions in India; distribution of temperature and rainfall

Soils: Types and distribution, characteristics ; Soil degration and conservation

Vegetation: Types and distribution Wild life conservation, Biosphere reserves

Unit 9: Population

Population : Size, Growth, Distribution and Density from 1901-2011 ; demographic

characteristics : literacy, sex ratio ; regional variations in population growth,

Trends of Urbanization, population problems.

Migration : International, National, causes and consequences.

Human Development : Introduction and Regional Pattern

Unit 10: Resources

Mineral and Energy Resource Base : distribution and production Minerals - Iron ore,

Manganese and Bauxite ;

Power resources - Coal, Petroleum and natural gas, hydroelectric power ; Non -

conventional sources of energy (Solar, Wind and Biogas), Conservation of Resources.

Unit 11: Land Resources

Agriculture : General Land Use, Land Use Classification Distribution and production of

Major Crops - wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, caster and ground nut, Coffee and tea - their

distribution, production and trade ;

Impacts of Green revolution on Indian agriculture ;

Problems of Indian agriculture. Land Degradation

Unit 12: Water Resources

Irrigation and Power : Types of Irrigation, Wells, canals and tanks ; Major multipurpose

projects : Bakra Nangal, Nagarujuna Sagar, Narmada and Damodar Valley Corporation.

Rain Water Harvesting and Watershed Management.

Unit 13: Industries

Location factors, growth, distribution and trade

Iron and Steel, Petro Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Knowledge based industries (IT),

Globalization and Economic Development, SEZs

Unit 14: Transport and Trade

Means of transport ; roadways, railways, airways and water ways, Major ports of India’s

International trade.

Part C- Telangana

Unit 15: Telangana

Administrative regions ; physiography, Geology, Drainage :

Unit 16: Climate

Distribution of climate, temperature and rainfall.

Soils : Types and distribution, characteristics ; Soil degradation and conservation

Vegetation : Types and distribution

Unit 17: Population

Size, Growth, Distribution and Density from 1961-2011 ; demographic characteristics :

literacy, sex ratio ; Rural and Urban populations.

Practical Syllabus

1. Diagrammatic Representation of Geographical Data: Types and their uses ;

One - Dimensional : Line diagram, bar diagrams - simple bar, compound bar, multiple

bar diagram ; pyramid diagram - age - sex pyramid.

Two - dimensional : Square and Rectangular diagrams, Pie diagram ;

Three- Dimensional : Cube and Sphere diagrams.

2. Distribution maps : Dot, Isopleth maps - uses, merits and demerits, Choropleth,

Chorochromatic and choroschematic methods and their characteristics, Isotherm,

Isobars and Isohyets.

3. Sources and Data : Tabulation and Classification of Data ; Frequency Distribution,

Histogram, Frequency Polygon and Ogive Curve.

4. Measures of Central Tendency : Mean Median and Mode. Measures of dispersion :

Range, Quartiles, Mean Deviation and Standard Deviation, relative measure of

dispersion.

5. Introduction to GIS : Introduction Geographical Information System (GIS) and

Global Positioning System (GPS).