Odisha 12th Board Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Unit

Topics

Unit I: Physical World and Measurement

• Physics – scope, technology & society • Measurement: need, units (fundamental & derived, SI units) • Accuracy, precision, errors (absolute, relative, percentage), combination of errors • Significant figures • Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis & applications

Unit II: Kinematics

1. Motion in a Straight Line • Rest & motion, frame of reference • Position-time graph, speed, velocity • Differentiation & integration (elementary) • Uniform/non-uniform motion, instantaneous velocity • Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time & position-time graphs • Graphical treatment of motion equations 2. Motion in a Plane • Scalars & vectors, position & displacement vectors, unit vectors • Addition, subtraction, multiplication of vectors, relative velocity • Resolution into rectangular components, dot & cross product • Uniform velocity & acceleration, projectile motion (trajectory, range, time of flight, height) • Uniform circular motion

Unit III: Laws of Motion

• Concept of force, Newton’s 1st, 2nd, 3rd laws • Inertia, momentum, impulse, impulse-momentum theorem • Conservation of linear momentum & applications • Equilibrium of concurrent forces • Static & kinetic friction, laws, rolling friction, lubrication • Dynamics of uniform circular motion, centripetal force • Vehicle motion on level circular & banked roads

Unit IV: Work, Energy & Power

• Work by constant/variable force • Kinetic energy, work-energy theorem • Power • Potential energy, spring energy • Conservative & non-conservative forces • Conservation of mechanical energy (K + U) • Motion in vertical circle • Elastic & inelastic collisions (1D & 2D)

Unit V: Motion of System of Particles & Rigid Bodies

• Centre of mass: two-particle, rigid body, uniform rod • Momentum conservation & centre of mass motion • Moment of force, torque, angular momentum & its conservation • Equilibrium of rigid bodies • Equations of rotational motion, comparison with linear motion • Moment of inertia, radius of gyration • MOI of simple objects (no derivation) • Parallel & perpendicular axis theorems & applications

Unit VI: Gravitation

• Newton’s law of gravitation • Kepler’s laws (statements) • Gravitational field, potential, potential energy • Acceleration due to gravity – variation with height & depth • Escape velocity, orbital velocity • Geostationary satellites

Unit VII: Properties of Bulk Matter

1. Mechanical Properties of Solids • Elastic behaviour, stress-strain, Hooke’s law • Young’s, Bulk, Shear moduli, Poisson’s ratio • Elastic energy 2. Mechanical Properties of Fluids • Pressure, Pascal’s law & applications • Surface tension, angle of contact, excess pressure, capillarity • Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity • Streamline vs turbulent flow, critical velocity • Bernoulli’s theorem & applications 3. Thermal Properties of Matter • Heat & temperature, thermal expansion • Anomalous expansion of water • Specific heat capacity (Cp, Cv), calorimetry, latent heat • Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation • Blackbody radiation, Wien’s law, Stefan’s law, greenhouse effect

Unit VIII: Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium, temperature (Zeroth law) • Heat, work, internal energy • First law of thermodynamics • Isothermal & adiabatic processes • Second law of thermodynamics • Reversible/irreversible processes • Carnot’s engine, refrigerator, efficiency (no derivation)

Unit IX: Kinetic Theory of Gases

• Equation of state of perfect gas, work of compression • Kinetic theory: postulates, pressure concept • Kinetic interpretation of temperature • Mean & RMS speed, degrees of freedom • Law of equipartition of energy (statement), applications to specific heat • Mean free path, Avogadro’s number

Unit X: Oscillations & Waves

1. Oscillations • Period, frequency, displacement-time relation • SHM – equation, phase, spring, pendulum • Kinetic & potential energy in SHM • Free, damped, forced oscillations; resonance 2. Waves • Transverse & longitudinal waves • Speed of wave motion • Displacement relation for progressive waves • Speed of longitudinal wave in gases & transverse in strings (qualitative) • Superposition principle • Reflection of waves, standing waves